EFFECTS OF DIMETHOATE ON ENZYME PROFILES IN BLACK JAW TILAPIA (Sarotherodon melanotheron )
Keywords:
Contaminants, Aquatic ecosystem, Pollution, Tilapia, Enzymes
Abstract
Changes in the activity of enzymes are useful markers of stress brought on by any toxin that fish have been exposed to. Decreases in intestinal microflora activity and immunological responses may be the outcome of their activity disturbances. The current study examined the effects of various dimethoate concentrations (0.00-control, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg/l) on the activities of some enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphates (ALP), in the plasma of Sarotherodon melanotheron exposed for a duration of 15 days. The analysis of the enzyme study's results showed that every enzyme significantly (P <0.05) exceeded the control values. The juvenile fish exposed to the chemical, had a greater degree of severity than the adult fish, depending on the concentration. In conclusion, changes in plasma enzyme parameters can be used as rapid and reliable indicators of monitoring toward the effects of toxicants on aquatic organisms and ultimately the ecosystem as a whole. These parameters may be attributed to target tissue damage and dysfunction brought on by toxicants.
References
Murty, A.S. 1986. Toxicity of Pesticides to fish. Vols.I and II. C.R.C. Press Inc. 483pp, 355pp.
Maruthanayagam,C and Sharmila G. 2004. Biochemical variations induced by monocrotophos in Cyprinus carpio during the exposure and recovery period. Nature environment and pollution 31: 1-9.
Tilak K.S., and Rao, D.K.2003. Chloropyrifos toxicity of fresh water fish. J. Aqua. Biol. Vol.182: 161-166.
Bhaskar, P., Murthy, E.Narain, E. 2002 Toxicity of dimethoate and monocil on Channa marulius. J. Environ. Biol., 20(5): 319-324.
Kumar, N.S.R. and Kumari, S.A. 1996. Effects of pollutants on the histochemical localization of protein in the fish Channa punctatus. Environment and Ecology 142: 89-91.
Zayapragassarazan,Z. and Anadan, V.1995. Effect of t-HCH on the protein profiles of selected tissue of the air breathing fish, Anabas testudineus Bloch. Environment and Ecology, 141:55-59.
Livingstone, D.R. 1998. The fate of organic xenobioticos in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. Comparative Biochem. And physio. 120: 43-49.
Tejendra,S.G., Jaishree,P. and Hema Tiwari. 1990. Enzyme modulation by sublethal concentrations of aldicarb, phosphamidon and endosulfan in fish tissues. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 38:231-244.
Mishra,J. and Srivastava1984. Effect of chlordane on the blood and tissue chemistry of H.fossils. Cell.Mol.Biol. 30:51-524.
Novikoff, A.B.1961. “The Cell”. Academic Press, New York. Sastry,K.V. and Sarma, S.K.1979. Toxic effect of Endrin on liver and kidney of teleost fish. Proc.Symp.Environ.Biol.Muzaffarnagar, India, 337-342.
Verma SR and Tonk IP 1984. Biomonitoring of the contamination of water by a sublethal concentration of pesticides. A system analysis approach. ACTA Hydrochim Hydrobiol. 124: 399-499 As cited by WHO 1989. Jennifer M.Keller, John R.Kuchlick, M.Andrew Stamper,
Craig A.Harms, Patricia D. and Mcclellan-Green 2004. Associations between organochlorine contaminant concentrations and clinical health parameters in Loggerhead sea turtles from North Carolina, USA. Environment. Health. perspect, Vol.112, No.10: 1074-1079.
Badre Alam Ansari and Kaushal Kumar Dr. 1987 Malathion toxicity: Effect on the ovary of the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio Cyprinidae. Internet. Revneder gesa. Hydrobio. And Hydrograph. Vol.724: 517-528.
K.Vijayavel and M.P.Balasubramanian 2007. Interaction of potash and ecis in the ecophysiology of a freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Ecotoxicol and Environ safety. Vol.66(2): 154-158.
Nchumbeni Humtsoe, Reza Davoodi,B.G. Kulkarni and Bhavita Chavan 2007. Effect of arsenic on the enzymes of the rohu carp Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822. The raffles Bull.Zool. supplement. Na14: 17-19.
Roy, S.S., 2002. Some toxicological aspects of chlorpyrifos to the intertidal fish Boleopthalmus dussumier. Ph.D. thesis, Unic of Mumbai, Insia, pp.52-71.
Karatas,S. and Kalay M. 2002. Accumulation of lead in the gill, liver, kidney and brain tissues of Tilapia zilli. Turkish journal of veterinary Animal Science, 26:471-477.
Medda,C., B.Bhattacharyya,S.K.Sarkar, S. Ganguly and Basu T.K. 1995. Effect of rotenone on activity of some enzymes and their recovery in fresh water carp fingerlings of Labeo rohita. J. Environ.Biol 161: 55-60.
Borah Sabitha, S. and Yadav, R.N.S.1996. Static bioassay and toxicity of two pesticides, rogor and endosulfan to the air breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis, with special reference to behaviour. Poll.Res. 144: 435-438.
Venkateswara Rao J. 2006a. Toxic effects of novel organophosphorus insecticide RPR-V on certain biochemical parameters of euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Pesti. bioche and physiol. Vol.86(2): 78-84.
Venkateswara Rao, J. 2006b. Sublethal effect of an organophosphorus insecticide RPR-II on biochemical parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus . Comparative biochem, physical, part C: Toxicol and Pharma co. vol.1434:492-498.
Luskova,V.,M.Svobada and KolaRova,J. 2002. The effect of diazion on blood plasma biochemistry in carp Cyprinus carpio. Acta vet. BRNo.71: 117-123.
Helge Arnold, Hans-Jurgen Pluta and Thomas Braunbeck 1995. Simultaneous exposure of fish to endosulfan and disulfoton invivo. Ultra structural, stereological and biochemical reactions in hepatocytes of male rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aqua.Toxicol.vol.331: 17-43.
Aldoghachi MA, Azirun MS, Yusoff I and Ashraf M (2016) Ultrastructural effects on gill tissues induced in red tilapia Oreochromis sp. By a waterborne lead. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 23:634-640.
Al-khashali M Sh, Al-Shawi S (2013) Effect of salt stress on ALT and AST enzymes activity and cortisol level in adult of Carassius auratus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 12:97-100.
Cocarta DM, Stoian M, Karademir A (2017) Crude oil contaminated sites: evaluation by using risk assessment approach. Sustainability 9:1365.
Cruz, ZM, de Castro R, Virgens A, Júnior R, Silva A, Ramo, A (2013) Biochemical and cellular changes in Oreochromis niloticus related to the water pollution of a degraded river. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 35:419-427.
Fırat O, Cogun H, Yuzereroglu T, Gok G, Kargin F, Kotemen Y (2011) A comparative study on the effects of a pesticide (cypermethrin) and two metals (copper, lead) to serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem 37:657– 666.
Gabriel UU, Obomanu F, Edori O (2010) Biochemical changes in hybrid catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Clarias gariepinus) treated with nuracron. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology 16:353-357.
Gad NS (2011) Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in Oreochromis niloticus as biomarkers of exposure to crude oil pollution. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 1:49-58.
Hedayati A, Jahanbakhshi A (2013) Hematotoxic effects of direct infusion of crude diesel oil on juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso. Comparative Clinical Pathology 22:1117-1122.
Jasim MA, Azirun M, Yusoff I, Rahman M (2016) Bioaccumulation and Histopathological Changes induced by Toxicity of Mercury (HgCl2) to Tilapia Fish Oreochromis niloticus. Sains Malaysiana 45:119–127.
Jawad L, Al-Faisal A, Mukhtar M (2012) Presence of the Non Indigenous Fish Species, Gibel Carp, Carassius gibelio (Family: Cyprinidae) in Basrah Province Freshwater Systems, Iraq. Water Research and Management 2:41-44.
Kosti E, Perdikaris C, Athanassopoulou F, Chantzaropoulos A, Vavatsikos M, Ergolavou A, Bithava C, Paschos I (2008) Use of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio, pituitaries in the artificial propagation of female common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria 38:121–125.
Orbea A, Cajaraville M (2006) Peroxisome proliferation and antioxidant enzymes in transplanted mussels of four basque estuaries with different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:1616-1626.
Palanivelu V, Vijayavel K, Ezhilar S, Balasubramanian M (2005) Influence of insecticidal derivative (Cartap Hydrochloride) from the marine poly- chaete on certain enzyme systems of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Environmental Biology 26:191–196
Qiu T, Xie P, Guo L, Zhang D (2009) Plasma biochemical responses of the planktivorous filter-feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) to prolonged toxic cyanobacterial blooms in natural waters. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 27:350–356.
Rosa J, Tiago DM, Dias J, Cancela M and Laizé V (2010). Serum‐ specific stimulation of proliferation and mineralization of fish bone‐ derived cells. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26:251‐256.
Rostami KH, Soltani M (2016).Effects of acute crude oil exposure on basic physiological functions of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science 14:43-53.
Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ (2012) Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment. In: Luch A. (eds) Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Experientia Supplementum, vol 101. Springer, Basel. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643- 8340-4_6.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving water to fresh water and marine organisms, 5th ed. EPA -821-R-02-012. Final report, Office of water, Washington, DC.
Varol M, Sunbul M (2017) Organochlorine pesticide, antibiotic and heavy metal residues in mussel, crayfish and fish species from a reservoir on the Euphrates River, Turkey. Environmental Pollution 230:311-319
Yousafzai MA, Shakoori R (2011) Hepatic response of a fresh water fish against aquatic pollution. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43:209- 221.
Yuanyyuan W, Qixing Z, Shengwei P, Lena M, Xiaowei N (2009) Toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil in aquatic environment on Carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant defense system. Journal of Environmental Sciences 21:612-617.
Zang L, Shimada Y, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T, Nishimura N (2015) Repeated blood collection for blood tests in adult zebrafish. Journal of Visualized Experiments 102:53272.
Zhang JF, Wang X, Guo H, Wu J, Xue Y (2004) Effects of watersoluble fractions of diesel oil on the antioxidant defenses of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 58:110-116.
Zikic RV, Stajn S, Pavlovic Z, Ognjanovic B, Saicic Z (2001) Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erytrocyte and plasma transaminases of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch.) exposed to cadmium. Physiological Research 50:105–111.
Maruthanayagam,C and Sharmila G. 2004. Biochemical variations induced by monocrotophos in Cyprinus carpio during the exposure and recovery period. Nature environment and pollution 31: 1-9.
Tilak K.S., and Rao, D.K.2003. Chloropyrifos toxicity of fresh water fish. J. Aqua. Biol. Vol.182: 161-166.
Bhaskar, P., Murthy, E.Narain, E. 2002 Toxicity of dimethoate and monocil on Channa marulius. J. Environ. Biol., 20(5): 319-324.
Kumar, N.S.R. and Kumari, S.A. 1996. Effects of pollutants on the histochemical localization of protein in the fish Channa punctatus. Environment and Ecology 142: 89-91.
Zayapragassarazan,Z. and Anadan, V.1995. Effect of t-HCH on the protein profiles of selected tissue of the air breathing fish, Anabas testudineus Bloch. Environment and Ecology, 141:55-59.
Livingstone, D.R. 1998. The fate of organic xenobioticos in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. Comparative Biochem. And physio. 120: 43-49.
Tejendra,S.G., Jaishree,P. and Hema Tiwari. 1990. Enzyme modulation by sublethal concentrations of aldicarb, phosphamidon and endosulfan in fish tissues. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 38:231-244.
Mishra,J. and Srivastava1984. Effect of chlordane on the blood and tissue chemistry of H.fossils. Cell.Mol.Biol. 30:51-524.
Novikoff, A.B.1961. “The Cell”. Academic Press, New York. Sastry,K.V. and Sarma, S.K.1979. Toxic effect of Endrin on liver and kidney of teleost fish. Proc.Symp.Environ.Biol.Muzaffarnagar, India, 337-342.
Verma SR and Tonk IP 1984. Biomonitoring of the contamination of water by a sublethal concentration of pesticides. A system analysis approach. ACTA Hydrochim Hydrobiol. 124: 399-499 As cited by WHO 1989. Jennifer M.Keller, John R.Kuchlick, M.Andrew Stamper,
Craig A.Harms, Patricia D. and Mcclellan-Green 2004. Associations between organochlorine contaminant concentrations and clinical health parameters in Loggerhead sea turtles from North Carolina, USA. Environment. Health. perspect, Vol.112, No.10: 1074-1079.
Badre Alam Ansari and Kaushal Kumar Dr. 1987 Malathion toxicity: Effect on the ovary of the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio Cyprinidae. Internet. Revneder gesa. Hydrobio. And Hydrograph. Vol.724: 517-528.
K.Vijayavel and M.P.Balasubramanian 2007. Interaction of potash and ecis in the ecophysiology of a freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Ecotoxicol and Environ safety. Vol.66(2): 154-158.
Nchumbeni Humtsoe, Reza Davoodi,B.G. Kulkarni and Bhavita Chavan 2007. Effect of arsenic on the enzymes of the rohu carp Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822. The raffles Bull.Zool. supplement. Na14: 17-19.
Roy, S.S., 2002. Some toxicological aspects of chlorpyrifos to the intertidal fish Boleopthalmus dussumier. Ph.D. thesis, Unic of Mumbai, Insia, pp.52-71.
Karatas,S. and Kalay M. 2002. Accumulation of lead in the gill, liver, kidney and brain tissues of Tilapia zilli. Turkish journal of veterinary Animal Science, 26:471-477.
Medda,C., B.Bhattacharyya,S.K.Sarkar, S. Ganguly and Basu T.K. 1995. Effect of rotenone on activity of some enzymes and their recovery in fresh water carp fingerlings of Labeo rohita. J. Environ.Biol 161: 55-60.
Borah Sabitha, S. and Yadav, R.N.S.1996. Static bioassay and toxicity of two pesticides, rogor and endosulfan to the air breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis, with special reference to behaviour. Poll.Res. 144: 435-438.
Venkateswara Rao J. 2006a. Toxic effects of novel organophosphorus insecticide RPR-V on certain biochemical parameters of euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Pesti. bioche and physiol. Vol.86(2): 78-84.
Venkateswara Rao, J. 2006b. Sublethal effect of an organophosphorus insecticide RPR-II on biochemical parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus . Comparative biochem, physical, part C: Toxicol and Pharma co. vol.1434:492-498.
Luskova,V.,M.Svobada and KolaRova,J. 2002. The effect of diazion on blood plasma biochemistry in carp Cyprinus carpio. Acta vet. BRNo.71: 117-123.
Helge Arnold, Hans-Jurgen Pluta and Thomas Braunbeck 1995. Simultaneous exposure of fish to endosulfan and disulfoton invivo. Ultra structural, stereological and biochemical reactions in hepatocytes of male rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aqua.Toxicol.vol.331: 17-43.
Aldoghachi MA, Azirun MS, Yusoff I and Ashraf M (2016) Ultrastructural effects on gill tissues induced in red tilapia Oreochromis sp. By a waterborne lead. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 23:634-640.
Al-khashali M Sh, Al-Shawi S (2013) Effect of salt stress on ALT and AST enzymes activity and cortisol level in adult of Carassius auratus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 12:97-100.
Cocarta DM, Stoian M, Karademir A (2017) Crude oil contaminated sites: evaluation by using risk assessment approach. Sustainability 9:1365.
Cruz, ZM, de Castro R, Virgens A, Júnior R, Silva A, Ramo, A (2013) Biochemical and cellular changes in Oreochromis niloticus related to the water pollution of a degraded river. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 35:419-427.
Fırat O, Cogun H, Yuzereroglu T, Gok G, Kargin F, Kotemen Y (2011) A comparative study on the effects of a pesticide (cypermethrin) and two metals (copper, lead) to serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem 37:657– 666.
Gabriel UU, Obomanu F, Edori O (2010) Biochemical changes in hybrid catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Clarias gariepinus) treated with nuracron. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology 16:353-357.
Gad NS (2011) Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in Oreochromis niloticus as biomarkers of exposure to crude oil pollution. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 1:49-58.
Hedayati A, Jahanbakhshi A (2013) Hematotoxic effects of direct infusion of crude diesel oil on juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso. Comparative Clinical Pathology 22:1117-1122.
Jasim MA, Azirun M, Yusoff I, Rahman M (2016) Bioaccumulation and Histopathological Changes induced by Toxicity of Mercury (HgCl2) to Tilapia Fish Oreochromis niloticus. Sains Malaysiana 45:119–127.
Jawad L, Al-Faisal A, Mukhtar M (2012) Presence of the Non Indigenous Fish Species, Gibel Carp, Carassius gibelio (Family: Cyprinidae) in Basrah Province Freshwater Systems, Iraq. Water Research and Management 2:41-44.
Kosti E, Perdikaris C, Athanassopoulou F, Chantzaropoulos A, Vavatsikos M, Ergolavou A, Bithava C, Paschos I (2008) Use of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio, pituitaries in the artificial propagation of female common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria 38:121–125.
Orbea A, Cajaraville M (2006) Peroxisome proliferation and antioxidant enzymes in transplanted mussels of four basque estuaries with different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:1616-1626.
Palanivelu V, Vijayavel K, Ezhilar S, Balasubramanian M (2005) Influence of insecticidal derivative (Cartap Hydrochloride) from the marine poly- chaete on certain enzyme systems of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Environmental Biology 26:191–196
Qiu T, Xie P, Guo L, Zhang D (2009) Plasma biochemical responses of the planktivorous filter-feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) to prolonged toxic cyanobacterial blooms in natural waters. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 27:350–356.
Rosa J, Tiago DM, Dias J, Cancela M and Laizé V (2010). Serum‐ specific stimulation of proliferation and mineralization of fish bone‐ derived cells. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26:251‐256.
Rostami KH, Soltani M (2016).Effects of acute crude oil exposure on basic physiological functions of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science 14:43-53.
Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ (2012) Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment. In: Luch A. (eds) Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Experientia Supplementum, vol 101. Springer, Basel. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643- 8340-4_6.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving water to fresh water and marine organisms, 5th ed. EPA -821-R-02-012. Final report, Office of water, Washington, DC.
Varol M, Sunbul M (2017) Organochlorine pesticide, antibiotic and heavy metal residues in mussel, crayfish and fish species from a reservoir on the Euphrates River, Turkey. Environmental Pollution 230:311-319
Yousafzai MA, Shakoori R (2011) Hepatic response of a fresh water fish against aquatic pollution. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43:209- 221.
Yuanyyuan W, Qixing Z, Shengwei P, Lena M, Xiaowei N (2009) Toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil in aquatic environment on Carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant defense system. Journal of Environmental Sciences 21:612-617.
Zang L, Shimada Y, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T, Nishimura N (2015) Repeated blood collection for blood tests in adult zebrafish. Journal of Visualized Experiments 102:53272.
Zhang JF, Wang X, Guo H, Wu J, Xue Y (2004) Effects of watersoluble fractions of diesel oil on the antioxidant defenses of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 58:110-116.
Zikic RV, Stajn S, Pavlovic Z, Ognjanovic B, Saicic Z (2001) Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erytrocyte and plasma transaminases of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch.) exposed to cadmium. Physiological Research 50:105–111.
Published
2024-05-17
How to Cite
Nwankwo, A.K, Okeke P.A, Onwujiariri C. A, & Onwujiariri C. E. (2024). EFFECTS OF DIMETHOATE ON ENZYME PROFILES IN BLACK JAW TILAPIA (Sarotherodon melanotheron ). IJRDO Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 2(1), 7-12. Retrieved from http://webdisk.ijrdo.org/index.php/vas/article/view/6076
Section
Articles
